Signs of Joint Pain in Dogs: 10 Symptoms Most Owners Miss

Reviewed by Dr Sarah Mitchell, BVetMed MRCVS | Last updated: April 2026 | 10 min read

Dogs are remarkably good at hiding pain. It's an instinct that served their ancestors well in the wild, but it works against them in a family home, because it means joint pain can progress for months or even years before most owners notice something is wrong.

Osteoarthritis is the most commonly diagnosed joint disease in veterinary medicine [1]. Prevalence estimates vary, but research suggests that around 20% of the general dog population is affected [2], with a recent University of Tennessee study finding radiographic evidence of osteoarthritis in 60% of medium and large breed dogs examined during routine dental visits, many of whom had never been diagnosed [3]. A UK veterinary screening study found that prevalence may be nearly double what was previously thought, with 38% of dogs screened showing confirmed osteoarthritis that had not been previously diagnosed [4].

The takeaway is clear: joint pain in dogs is far more common than most owners realise, and the earlier you spot it, the more you can do about it.

Why Dogs Hide Joint Pain

Dogs don't show pain the way humans do. They don't point to a sore knee or say their hip is aching. Instead, they make small, gradual changes to how they move and behave, compensating for discomfort in ways that are easy to mistake for "just getting older" or "slowing down."

This is one of the biggest misconceptions in dog health. As one orthopaedic veterinary specialist put it, old age is not a disease [5]. Dogs don't slow down, seem stiff, or face mobility challenges merely because they've aged. There is almost always an underlying cause, and joint pain is one of the most common.

Learning to recognise the early signs means you can act sooner, and early intervention makes a significant difference to outcomes.

The 10 Signs of Joint Pain in Dogs

1. Stiffness after rest

This is often the earliest and most easily missed sign. Your dog gets up slowly after a nap or seems stiff first thing in the morning, then "warms up" and moves more normally after a few minutes. Many owners put this down to their dog being sleepy or lazy, but this pattern of stiffness that improves with gentle movement is one of the hallmark signs of joint inflammation [6].

2. Reluctance to jump, climb stairs, or get into the car

If your dog used to leap onto the sofa, bound upstairs, or jump into the boot of the car without hesitation but now hesitates, needs encouragement, or waits to be lifted, this is a strong indicator of joint discomfort [6]. These actions place significant load on the joints, particularly the hips, knees, and elbows, and a dog in pain will naturally avoid them.

3. Limping or favouring one leg

Limping is one of the more obvious signs, but it can range from a barely perceptible unevenness in gait to a pronounced limp [7]. It's worth noting that when arthritis affects multiple joints (which is common), the limp may not be obvious because the dog compensates evenly across both sides, creating a generally stiff gait rather than a clear limp on one leg [3].

4. Falling behind on walks

Your dog used to keep pace easily but now lags behind, stops more frequently, or seems reluctant to go as far as they used to. Many owners interpret this as their dog getting older and needing less exercise, when in reality their dog may be telling them that movement is uncomfortable [8]. A gradual decline in walking distance or enthusiasm is worth investigating.

5. Licking or chewing at joints

Dogs often lick or chew at areas of their body that are causing them pain or discomfort. If you notice your dog repeatedly licking at their wrists, hips, knees, or elbows, it may be their way of trying to soothe a painful joint [6]. Over time, this can cause hair loss or skin irritation in the affected area, which may be the first thing you actually notice.

6. Muscle loss (particularly in the hind legs)

When a joint is painful, a dog will use it less. Over time, reduced use leads to visible muscle wasting, especially in the thigh muscles of the hind legs [7]. You might notice your dog's hind quarters look thinner or less muscular than they used to, or that one leg looks noticeably smaller than the other. This is both a sign of existing joint pain and a risk factor for further problems, since weakened muscles mean less support for the joint.

7. Difficulty getting comfortable

Dogs with joint pain often struggle to settle. They may circle several times before lying down, shift position frequently, or seem unable to find a comfortable resting position. You might also notice them avoiding their usual sleeping spot if it requires stepping up or lying on a hard surface [6].

8. Changes in temperament

A dog that's normally gentle and patient but has become snappy, grumpy, or irritable when touched, particularly around the hips, back, or legs, may be reacting to pain [7]. This is especially significant if the behaviour change is out of character. Pain changes behaviour, and a dog that growls or flinches when you stroke their lower back or try to pick them up is telling you something.

9. Bunny-hopping or an unusual gait

Some dogs with hip pain develop a distinctive "bunny-hop" gait, using both hind legs together rather than moving them alternately. Others may develop a stiff, shortened stride, a swaying motion in the hindquarters, or a noticeable change in how they carry their weight. Any change in how your dog moves is worth paying attention to [9].

10. Loss of interest in play

If your dog has stopped initiating play, no longer chases toys, or seems less interested in activities they previously loved, it may not be that they've "grown out of it." Reduced playfulness is frequently linked to pain, and joint discomfort is one of the most common causes [9]. The combination of reduced play and any of the other signs on this list should prompt a vet visit.

Which Dogs Are Most at Risk?

While any dog can develop joint problems, certain factors increase the risk significantly.

Large and giant breeds are predisposed to developmental joint conditions like hip dysplasia and elbow dysplasia, which frequently lead to osteoarthritis. Labradors, Golden Retrievers, German Shepherds, Rottweilers, and Bernese Mountain Dogs are among the most commonly affected [1] [2].

Older dogs are at higher risk simply due to wear and tear over time. The risk increases markedly after age 8 in larger breeds and after 10 in smaller breeds [1].

Overweight dogs place significantly more stress on their joints. Research has shown that maintaining a lean body condition can delay the onset of osteoarthritis by years and reduce its severity [10]. Weight management is the single most impactful thing you can do for your dog's joints.

Dogs with previous injuries to ligaments (particularly cruciate ligament injuries), tendons, or joints are at elevated risk of developing osteoarthritis in the affected area later in life [2].

Neutered dogs have been shown to have a slightly higher risk of certain orthopaedic conditions, possibly related to hormonal influences on growth plate closure and joint development [1].

Even young dogs are not immune. A 2024 study published in Scientific Reports found radiographic evidence of osteoarthritis in nearly 40% of dogs aged 8 months to 4 years, with clinical OA confirmed in 16 to 24% of that young population [11]. This challenges the common assumption that joint problems are exclusively an older dog issue.

What to Do If You Spot These Signs

Step one: see your vet. If your dog is showing any of the signs listed above, a veterinary examination is the essential first step. Your vet can perform a physical examination to assess joint pain, range of motion, and muscle condition. They may also recommend X-rays to confirm the presence and severity of osteoarthritis or identify other underlying causes like dysplasia or ligament damage.

Step two: discuss pain management. If osteoarthritis is confirmed, your vet will likely discuss pain relief options. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are commonly prescribed for ongoing management. Newer treatments such as monthly anti-nerve growth factor (anti-NGF) antibody injections are also becoming available and showing promising results for managing chronic joint pain in dogs [6].

Step three: consider joint supplements. Joint supplements containing ingredients like glucosamine, chondroitin, omega-3 fatty acids, and type II undenatured collagen (UC-II) can support joint health alongside veterinary treatment. A 2022 systematic review found that omega-3 supplementation had the strongest clinical evidence for managing osteoarthritis symptoms in dogs [12]. UC-II has shown particularly promising results, with one clinical trial demonstrating improvements comparable to an NSAID over 30 days [13]. Supplements work best when started early, before severe cartilage damage occurs, and should be seen as complementary to, not a replacement for, veterinary care.

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Step four: manage their weight. If your dog is carrying extra weight, even a modest reduction can produce measurable improvements in mobility and comfort. A landmark study following Labrador Retrievers over their entire lives found that dogs kept at a lean body condition had significantly delayed onset and reduced severity of osteoarthritis compared to their heavier littermates [10]. Your vet can help you determine your dog's ideal weight and create a feeding plan.

Step five: adjust exercise, don't eliminate it. A common mistake is to stop exercising a dog with joint pain. In fact, regular gentle movement is essential for maintaining muscle strength (which supports and stabilises joints), joint flexibility, and healthy weight [9]. The key is to swap high-impact activities (chasing balls, jumping) for lower-impact exercise. Shorter, more frequent walks are better than one long outing. Swimming and hydrotherapy are excellent because they provide exercise without loading the joints.

Step six: make your home more comfortable. Small adjustments can make a big difference. Orthopaedic memory foam beds reduce pressure on joints. Non-slip mats on hard floors prevent slipping, which is both painful and frightening for dogs with weak muscles. Ramps into the car or onto furniture remove the need for painful jumping. A warm heat pad under their bed can soothe stiff joints, particularly on cold days [6].

The Importance of Early Action

Joint pain in dogs is progressive. Without intervention, it gradually worsens as cartilage continues to deteriorate, inflammation becomes chronic, and muscle loss accelerates. The earlier you recognise the signs and take action, the more effectively you can slow that progression and keep your dog comfortable.

Research from the VetCompass programme at the Royal Veterinary College found that osteoarthritis in UK dogs affected approximately 11.4% of the individual dog's total lifespan on average [1]. That's a significant portion of your dog's life spent dealing with joint discomfort, which underlines why early detection and proactive management matter so much.

If you've read through this list and recognised any of these signs in your dog, the best thing you can do is book a vet appointment. The sooner you act, the more options you have, and the better the outcome for your dog.

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Frequently Asked Questions

How can I tell if my dog has joint pain or is just getting older?

Many of the changes people attribute to "just ageing" are actually signs of joint pain. Stiffness after rest, reluctance to jump or climb stairs, falling behind on walks, and reduced playfulness are all potential indicators of joint discomfort rather than normal ageing [5]. The key difference is that ageing alone doesn't cause pain. If your dog's behaviour has changed, even gradually, a vet check is worth it to determine whether joint pain is a factor.

At what age do dogs start getting joint problems?

It depends on breed and size. Large breeds like Labradors and German Shepherds can develop joint issues from as young as 1 to 2 years old, particularly if they have conditions like hip or elbow dysplasia [2]. A 2024 study found radiographic osteoarthritis in nearly 40% of dogs under 4 years old [11]. For most dogs, clinical symptoms become more apparent after age 7 to 8, but the underlying changes may start much earlier.

Can joint pain in dogs be cured?

Osteoarthritis cannot be cured, but it can be managed effectively. The goal of treatment is to reduce pain, maintain mobility, and slow the progression of the disease [7]. A combination of pain relief medication, weight management, appropriate exercise, joint supplements, and environmental modifications can significantly improve a dog's comfort and quality of life. Starting early gives the best results.

What breeds are most prone to joint problems?

Breeds most predisposed to joint problems include Labradors, Golden Retrievers, German Shepherds, Rottweilers, Bernese Mountain Dogs, Bulldogs, and Newfoundlands [1] [2]. Large and giant breeds are generally at higher risk due to the greater load on their joints, but smaller breeds like Dachshunds and Cavalier King Charles Spaniels are predisposed to specific joint and spinal conditions. Mixed breed dogs are not immune and can inherit predispositions from their parent breeds.

Do joint supplements actually help dogs?

Yes, certain joint supplement ingredients have published evidence supporting their use. A 2022 systematic review found that omega-3 fatty acids had the strongest clinical evidence for managing osteoarthritis symptoms in dogs and cats [12]. Type II undenatured collagen (UC-II) has shown improvements comparable to anti-inflammatory drugs in clinical trials [13]. Supplements work best when started early, used consistently, and combined with proper veterinary care and weight management.

Should I stop exercising my dog if they have joint pain?

No. Regular gentle exercise is important for maintaining muscle strength, joint flexibility, and healthy weight [9]. The key is to modify the type and intensity of exercise rather than stopping it entirely. Replace high-impact activities with shorter, more frequent walks. Swimming and hydrotherapy are particularly beneficial as they provide exercise without loading the joints. On days when your dog seems especially uncomfortable, rest is appropriate, but prolonged inactivity will make things worse over time.

When should I take my dog to the vet for joint pain?

If you notice any of the 10 signs described in this article, especially if more than one is present or they've been developing over several weeks, book a vet appointment. Don't wait for an obvious limp. Many of the earlier signs, like stiffness after rest, reluctance to jump, or reduced playfulness, indicate pain is already present [4]. Early intervention gives the best chance of slowing progression and keeping your dog comfortable.

Is my dog's weight affecting their joints?

Almost certainly, if they're overweight. Research has shown that maintaining a lean body condition can delay the onset of osteoarthritis by years [10]. Excess weight places additional stress on joints and also increases systemic inflammation, which worsens joint disease. Even a moderate weight reduction in an overweight dog with joint pain can produce improvements in mobility that rival what medication provides. Your vet can help you assess your dog's body condition and create a plan if needed.

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References

1. Anderson KL, O'Neill DG, Brodbelt DC, et al. "Prevalence, duration and risk factors for appendicular osteoarthritis in a UK dog population under primary veterinary care." Scientific Reports, 2018; 8:5641. https://nature.com/articles/s41598-018-23940-z

2. Anderson KL, Zulch H, O'Neill DG, Meeson RL, Collins LM. "Risk Factors for Canine Osteoarthritis and Its Predisposing Arthropathies: A Systematic Review." Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 2020; 7:220. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7198754

3. Millis DL, Hecht S. "Prevalence of osteoarthritis in dogs undergoing routine dental prophylaxis." Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 2025. Reported in: Today's Veterinary Practice, March 2026. https://todaysveterinarypractice.com/orthopedics/study-shows-high-prevalence-of-oa-60-in-canine-patients-how-should-this-affect-your-approach-to-exams

4. Cachon T, et al. "Identification of canine osteoarthritis using an owner-reported questionnaire and treatment monitoring using functional mobility tests." Journal of Small Animal Practice, 2022; 63(11):839-848. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9543207

5. AAHA (American Animal Hospital Association). "Mobility Matters: A Practical Guide to Recognizing and Managing Osteoarthritis." AAHA, 2019. https://www.aaha.org/globalassets/05-pet-health-resources/mobilitymatters.pdf

6. PDSA. "Arthritis in Dogs." PDSA Pet Health Hub. https://www.pdsa.org.uk/pet-help-and-advice/pet-health-hub/conditions/arthritis-in-dogs

7. Blue Cross. "Arthritis in Dogs." Blue Cross UK. https://www.bluecross.org.uk/advice/dog/health-and-injuries/arthritis-in-dogs

8. Vetster. "Joint Pain in Dogs: Causes, Treatment and Associated Symptoms." Vetster, 2024. https://vetster.com/en/symptoms/dog/joint-pain-in-dogs

9. Guide Dogs UK. "Arthritis in Dogs: Causes and Treatment." Guide Dogs UK. https://www.guidedogs.org.uk/getting-support/information-and-advice/dog-care-and-welfare/arthritis-in-dogs/

10. Kealy RD, Lawler DF, Ballam JM, et al. "Effects of diet restriction on life span and age-related changes in dogs." Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 2002; 220(9):1315-1320. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12058138

11. Enomoto M, de Castro N, Hash J, et al. "Prevalence of radiographic appendicular osteoarthritis and associated clinical signs in young dogs." Scientific Reports, 2024; 14:2827. https://nature.com/articles/s41598-024-52324-9

12. Barbeau-Grégoire M, et al. "A 2022 Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Enriched Therapeutic Diets and Nutraceuticals in Canine and Feline Osteoarthritis." Animals, 2022; 12(10):1277. https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9499673

13. Stabile M, Samarelli R, Trerotoli P, et al. "Evaluation of the Effects of Undenatured Type II Collagen (UC-II) as Compared to Robenacoxib on the Mobility Impairment Induced by Osteoarthritis in Dogs." Veterinary Sciences, 2019; 6(3):72. https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6789547